Architecture and Technologies

VCTA-NV · 100 questions

• Harborview's city CIO tells council that the next civic data center should treat compute, storage, and networking as software rather than as three separately ordered hardware silos. What software-defined data center (SDDC) concept is the CIO describing?
• County finance proposes buying only more ESXi hosts and leaving storage and networking as dedicated hardware. Why is that purchase not yet a software-defined data center (SDDC)?
• Public-works leadership wants new virtual networks created the same way the city already clones VMs: by request, in minutes, without recabling a closet. Which SDDC idea does that request describe?
• A township clerk says the city already has a software-defined data center because email was moved to a SaaS vendor. What distinction should the candidate draw?
• Municipal GIS administrators hear that NSX reproduces switching, routing, and firewalling in software. Which SDDC concept are they identifying?
• City council wants isolated agency networks assembled in seconds on shared hypervisor hosts. Which SDDC outcome should the operator identify?
• A county architect lists vSphere, vSAN, and NSX-T Data Center as the VMware software-defined data center stack. How do those products map to the SDDC pillars?
• Parks-and-recreation IT claims the city already has an SDDC because a few file servers were virtualized years ago. What distinction should the candidate identify?
• Utility-billing operators want “who can talk to whom” policies to travel with workloads when VMs move between racks. Which SDDC trait should they identify?
• The municipal airport IT board asks whether a software-defined data center still needs physical switches. What should the candidate identify?
• A city change-advisory board thinks an SDDC means operators never use switching or routing concepts again. What should the candidate identify?
• County health wants to scale network isolation for clinic VMs without buying a larger chassis switch. Which SDDC concept does that requirement illustrate?
• Library consortium leadership asks what “resource pooling” means in an SDDC briefing. What should the candidate identify?
• A municipal court project wants a repeatable blueprint of a segment, gateway, and firewall policy instead of a unique physical design each time. Which SDDC concept is that request?
• Transit IT compares a ticket-driven VLAN request that takes weeks with a segment created from the NSX UI or API in minutes. Which core SDDC concept does that contrast identify?
• City finance asks whether an SDDC is only a cost-cut from buying fewer switches. What else should the candidate identify as part of the SDDC idea?
• Wastewater SCADA owners fear that an SDDC means plant traffic shares a broadcast domain with 311 web VMs on the same hosts. Which SDDC isolation concept should they identify?
• A county disaster-recovery drill needs to recreate agency networks at the backup site without cloning the production physical switch configuration. Which SDDC capability should the candidate identify?
• Building-permits IT hears the phrase “network hypervisor” in an SDDC briefing. What analogy should the candidate identify?
• City HR asks whether running Kubernetes for a few civic apps is, by itself, a software-defined data center. What should the candidate identify?
• Municipal 311 developers want self-service virtual network constructs for a test environment without waiting on the core-switch team. Which SDDC capability should they identify?
• A port-authority briefing lists management, control, and data planes as how NSX-T implements the software data center network. Which SDDC architecture concept should the candidate identify?
• County assessor IT wants to refresh top-of-rack switches without redesigning every agency VLAN. Which SDDC idea should the candidate identify?
• City auditors ask what still lives on physical hardware in an on-premises software-defined data center. What should the candidate identify?
• Emergency-operations wants security groups that follow VMs when those VMs move between clusters. Which SDDC network-virtualization concept should the candidate identify?
• A housing-authority project manager says the city's software-defined data center is complete because vSAN is in production. What is missing from that definition?
• Municipal elections IT virtualizes the network in the city's SDDC and asks whether east-west and north-south traffic still apply. What should the operator identify?
• City architects want new agency apps assembled from a catalog of segments, Tier-1 gateways, and distributed firewall rules instead of a unique physical bill of materials each time. Which SDDC idea is that?
• The county clerk asks whether a virtual network can be created, changed, and deleted the way the city already lifecycle-manages VMs. What should the operator identify?
• A county-run municipal hospital needs a new clinic subnet this week and cannot wait for a forklift of extra switches. Which SDDC concept covers adding that capacity from the existing pool?
• Public-safety radio-shop IT is told vCenter Server is the compute manager in the city's SDDC. What role does that identify?
• City innovation staff ask whether moving to an SDDC means the city can retire firewalls. What should the operator identify?
• A township must isolate finance VMs from public-web VMs for compliance, but both must stay on the same hypervisor cluster. Which SDDC capability is that?
• Municipal fleet-management IT asks what actually defines the logical data center in an SDDC: the cabling diagrams or the software. What should the operator identify?
• The city's core VLAN numbering is exhausted, blocking new permit-system environments. Which traditional challenge does virtual networking address?
• County web and app VMs on the same cluster send east-west traffic to a hardware firewall in another building and back. Which traditional challenge is that, and how does virtual networking address it?
• A new library-branch application waited six weeks for a VLAN and ACL change window. Which traditional challenge does virtual networking shorten?
• Transit automatic vehicle location servers cannot move to a new rack without changing subnets because each rack owns its VLANs. Which traditional challenge is that?
• Municipal court security is only a perimeter firewall, so two case-management VMs on the same VLAN have no east-west control. Which traditional gap is that?
• Water-plant IT keeps a duplicate physical switch stack per agency for isolation. Which traditional pattern does virtual networking replace?
• City Wi-Fi for guest, staff, and IoT each required more VLANs trunked to every access layer, and the same pattern is spreading in the data center. Which traditional challenge do overlays reduce there?
• A 311 application's broadcast domain is the entire VLAN spanning two civic buildings, so a noisy VM affects both. Which traditional issue is that?
• County GIS multi-tier VMs sit in one VLAN because routing and firewall tickets are too slow. Which traditional challenge is that?
• A new city API gateway is delayed because the hardware firewall's licensed feature set does not include the needed function. Which traditional challenge do software-defined network services address?
• The city's physical core is oversubscribed by east-west VM traffic that never needed to leave the rack. Which traditional challenge is that?
• Every utility-billing ACL is a manual IP line on a hardware firewall with no link to VM identity. Which traditional challenge is that?
• City disaster-recovery tests fail because stretching Layer 2 across sites on the physical network is fragile. Which traditional challenge should the operator identify?
• Capacity planning is per VLAN on chassis modules, so a small permitting application still burns a whole VLAN. Which traditional challenge is that?
• Public-safety computer-aided dispatch VMs cannot vMotion to a new cluster because the destination has no matching VLAN. Which traditional challenge is that?
• A hardware load-balancer lead time is delaying publication of the motor-vehicle portal. Which traditional challenge is that, and what identify-level alternative does virtual networking offer?
• Parks-and-recreation cutover took the civic VLAN down when spanning tree reconverged on the physical fabric. How does overlay virtual networking address that traditional Layer-2 challenge?
• During a city-festival webcam burst, top-of-rack MAC tables overflowed on a stretched civic VLAN. Which virtual-networking property addresses that traditional scale limit?
• Harborview still applies firewall policy as whatever jack the VM is plugged into. Which virtual-networking model replaces that traditional location-based security?
• Animal-services needed a new subnet, and the ticket required changes on access, distribution, core, and the hardware firewall. How does virtual networking address that multi-touch physical change?
• Utility IoT meters and the city ERP share one flat VLAN because that is what the county already had. Which virtual-networking approach addresses that traditional flat-network risk?
• Physical change control forbids Friday VLAN adds, which blocked a weekend 311-portal launch. How does software-defined networking address that change-window coupling?
• Permitting developers were told the application tiers must match the three-tier chassis layout in the civic hall. How does virtual networking address physical topology dictating application topology?
• Most Harborview VM traffic is east-west, yet the city's security budget is spent only on north-south hardware at the edge. Which virtual-networking capability addresses that mismatch?
• Two wastewater VMs on the same ESXi host exchange packets that never leave the hypervisor, so the hardware firewall never sees them. Which virtual-networking capability closes that traditional gap?
• After a bad ACL, the county cannot snapshot or roll back the physical VLAN fabric the way it rolls back a VM. Which virtual-networking property addresses that missing software lifecycle?
• Adding a vendor-partner DMZ for the permitting contractor was quoted as a new physical firewall pair. How does virtual networking address extra hardware per security zone?
• Courts still treat IP subnet, VLAN, and security zone as the same object, so a two-VM evidence app burns a whole subnet. Which virtual-networking approach loosens that rigid coupling?
• Public-works staff assume an NSX-T overlay removes the need for a physical IP fabric. What does virtual networking actually solve versus what the underlay must still provide?
• A vendor asked the library for a unique physical QoS queue on every ToR for each civic application. How does software-defined networking reduce that hardware-queue sprawl?
• Permitting developers wait on the physical-network team for every test network, which stalled the rewrite. How does virtual networking address that organizational bottleneck?
• The hardware firewall sits several racks from the GIS hosts, so east-west inspection trombones and adds latency. Which virtual-networking design addresses that inspection-path problem?
• The housing authority wants its own logical router, but the traditional design requires a dedicated hardware router per tenant. Which virtual-networking model addresses that constraint?
• City network staff are labeling the new NSX-T fabric and debate which layer is overlay versus underlay. Which identification is correct?
• A municipal engineer asks which encapsulation NSX-T uses for overlay traffic. Which protocol should the operator identify?
• County ESXi hosts must encapsulate and decapsulate overlay frames for wastewater VMs. Which SDN building block performs that function?
• Harborview operations need the SDN plane that stores user configuration and hosts the NSX UI and API. Which plane is that?
• A city architecture slide labels the plane that computes runtime state from desired configuration and pushes forwarding config. Which SDN plane is that?
• Wastewater VM packets are forwarded by tables that sit on the prepared host. Which SDN plane performs that forwarding?
• The municipal NSX deployment uses a cluster of three appliances that host the UI, API, and central control. Which SDN building block is that cluster?
• A civic fabric slide names an ESXi host that has been prepared to participate in NSX overlay networking. Which building block is that host?
• Library catalog VMs sit on two different ESXi clusters and must share one NSX segment. Which SDN building block sets the maximum span of that segment?
• City architecture slides split NSX-T control into a piece that lives on the Manager cluster and a piece that lives on every prepared host. Which pair of SDN building blocks is that?
• Municipal ESXi hosts must carry overlay traffic for agency VMs. Which host-switch building block does NSX-T use for that overlay and NSX VLAN traffic?
• The city's 311 portal needs NAT and other north-south services that cannot run only as in-kernel tables on every ESXi host. Which SDN building block provides those centralized services?
• Permit-system VMs need a shared logical Layer 2 broadcast domain even when they sit in different racks. Which SDN building block provides that virtual switching?
• A city packet walk shows guest Ethernet frames carried inside IP packets between prepared hosts. Which SDN overlay building block is that?
• Municipal operators used to log into every top-of-rack switch and type unique CLI. The city now wants desired network state stored once and pushed to the fabric. Which SDN building block replaces device-by-device CLI?
• Forwarding engines on prepared city hosts receive stateless forwarding tables from NSX. Which SDN path is that dissemination?
• City automation staff want a programmatic northbound interface so 311 environments can request virtual networks the same way they already request VMs. Which SDN building block is that interface?
• Each prepared municipal hypervisor needs an IP used only as a tunnel endpoint, typically on a dedicated underlay VLAN. Which overlay building blocks are those?
• The municipal innovation loft runs mixed ESXi and KVM hosts on one NSX-T fabric. On the KVM hosts, which virtual-switch building block does NSX-T use?
• Prepared wastewater hosts do not only consume forwarding tables; they also send topology and packet statistics back up the stack. Which SDN-plane behavior is that?
• City council staff think SDN means buying a larger physical chassis for the civic data center. Which description of SDN building blocks is correct?
• Library segments must be connected to each other in software, and the civic fabric must eventually reach the outside world. Which SDN building block does that connecting?
• Host uplinks into the NSX fabric for the permitting cluster need one policy for teaming, MTU, and the transport VLAN. Which SDN building block is that policy?
• In vCenter, a library VM's network appears as an nsx.LogicalSwitch opaque network. What does that SDN building block mean?
• Traffic from the civic Tier-0 toward the city's ISP is not an NSX-managed overlay. Which building-block contrast is correct?
• NSX must see city clusters and VMs so operators can attach segments and build groups. Which SDN building block is registered as that inventory source?
• The city design shows two transport-zone types on the same NSX-T fabric. How do those SDN span constructs differ?
• Two Edge VMs should share settings and provide high availability for city NAT. Which SDN building block groups them?
• A court VM's vNIC must attach to the virtual Layer 2 network. Which SDN attachment building block is that?
• Every prepared transport node still runs a management-plane agent, not only forwarding. Which three-plane implementation is correct for the civic fabric?
• Geneve encapsulation adds header bytes to every overlay frame on the municipal underlay. What implication should operators identify?
• A city host diagram labels both a physical server interface and a guest interface on a permitting VM. Which identification is correct?
• At a logical port for a court VM, NSX uses specific direction terms. Which official identification is correct?