Specialized Applications of Data Science (13%)

DY0-001 · 39 questions

A factory must schedule maintenance crews and machines so that no crew and no machine is double-booked and every job stays inside the shift. A colleague says to search locally and keep any roster that looks full. Which description fits the job?
A logistics planner must minimize total drive time, visit each depot exactly once, and finish the tour inside a fixed hour limit. Which formulation matches that job?
A factory may make any non-negative amount of two products. Profit is a linear function of the two quantities, and every labor and material limit is a linear inequality. Which solver setup fits?
A fashion retailer chooses which promotional offer to show each arriving shopper. Several offers are still uncertain, and one offer currently looks best. The team wants to keep learning without ignoring that current winner. Which method fits?
A city agency classifies constituent emails. Before any counts or embeddings are built, a prep step cuts each email into the words and subwords the model will actually consume. What is that prep step doing?
A hospital pharmacy has a fixed pool of sterile-compounding hours this week and must decide how many units of each IV product to make. Orders already exceed those hours. Which problem is the pharmacy solving?
A mobile carrier offers only one handset-repair option and asks for a multi-armed bandit that will explore alternatives. No other repair option exists. Why does that request fail?
A grocery chain's night-routing search stops when no swap of two nearby stops shortens the tour, and the planner files that route as the best feasible plan. A second run that starts at a different store yields a shorter tour that still hits every delivery window. What does the shorter tour demonstrate?
A media buyer wants to maximize revenue defined as price multiplied by a demand that falls when price rises, so the objective is not a straight function of price. The buyer plans to hand that expression to a solver that accepts only linear objectives. Why is that solver the wrong tool?
An appliance factory builds a bag-of-words model from technician notes. Articles and conjunctions dominate the counts but do not name a defect. Which preprocessing step targets those words?
A utility classifies trouble tickets with a representation that counts how often each token appears. It treats the phrase 'power not out' the same as 'power out not' whenever those token counts match. What does this representation keep, and what does it drop?
A factory maintenance desk searches repair notes and needs the adjacent words bearing and seized to stay together, because that pair names a failure neither word names alone. Which representation keeps that short run of tokens intact?
A bank complaint desk wants the phrases overdraft and insufficient funds to land near each other, because writers use them in similar sentences even though the character strings differ. Which representation places similar usage near together?
A freight carrier cleans free-text exception notes before grouping themes. The notes say a truck ran late, was running late, or runs late, and each form should become the dictionary verb run rather than a chopped fragment. Which text step does that?
A utility company indexes outage reports for search. The word outage appears in nearly every report, while the word transformer appears in only a small share of them. The team wants weights that shrink a term when it shows up across almost the whole collection. Which weighting does that?
A clothing retailer's service desk wants a system that reads each complaint email and recovers what the shopper is asking for, without composing a reply. Which capability fits that job?
A hospital research group plans to run LDA on a large set of discharge summaries to find recurring themes such as infection and follow-up. There is no class label to predict. Which expansion of LDA matches that plan?
An agency records office must match person names that differ by a missing letter, an extra letter, or a substituted character. Which measure counts the cheapest set of string edits between two tokens?
A media archive holds photographed newspaper pages and needs the printed words as searchable text. Which method performs that step?
A media newsroom wants software to mark the people, cities, and company names inside articles so editors can link those mentions. The desk does not need a score for whether the article praises or criticizes its subject. Which task fits?
A media streaming service wants each viewer comment labeled positive, negative, or mixed toward a show. The team does not need actor names or city names pulled out of the comment. Which task fits?
A logistics yard trains a camera model to read pallet labels, but stacked freight often covers part of a label. The team wants training images that stop the model from depending on one visible patch. Which augmentation does that?
A bank trains a model to read the amount on check images and uses random flips and quarter-turns so training sees more orientations. At scoring time those same random flips and turns still rewrite the single live check, and the amount is often wrong. What should change?
A factory camera flags defects on stamped parts by drawing a box. The predicted box and the labeled box cover much of the same metal, but the prediction also spills onto good metal. Which measure scores how much those two boxes overlap?
A utility camera watches one maintenance truck cross a substation yard. A detector draws a box in each frame, but the safety log must keep a single vehicle identity instead of treating every frame as a new truck. Which task preserves that identity across frames?
A transportation agency wants a camera model that places a box around each pothole in a road photo, rather than only tagging the photo as containing a pothole. Which task is that?
A utility inspects aerial photos of power lines and needs every pixel labeled as wire, tree, or ground. Which vision task is that?
A factory inspection cell points a camera and a ranging sensor at the same weld and wants one model that uses both measurements of that scene. Which approach is that?
A hospital infection-control team wants to know which patients are likely to share a ward outbreak. Each record stores age and diagnosis, and the team also knows which patients shared a room. Why does a graph fit this question better than a table of patient attributes alone?
A hospital vision team crops and scales surgical-video frames to train an instrument detector, but the box labels still mark positions on the original uncropped frame. What must happen to those labels?
A retail chain wants a stockroom robot to choose the next aisle. No trip comes with a labeled correct aisle. The only feedback is a score that rises when shelves are restocked before a stockout and falls when the robot travels extra distance. Which learning setup matches that feedback?
A grocery retailer builds each delivery route by appending the nearest unvisited store at every step. A planner finds a short first hop that forces a much longer trip later in the day. Which limitation of this route construction should the planner name?
A telecom planner must assign radio channels to thousands of towers. Trying every assignment would run past the maintenance window. The team uses a fast rule that returns a good assignment without proving it is the best one. What is that rule?
A utility model produces one inspection result from a tower photo and the technician's written note together. That result is not produced if either the photo or the note is removed. Which description fits this model?
A bank's bill scanner must decide on the device whether a note is counterfeit. The scanner has no reliable network link during a check, and the accurate lab model needs more memory and more power than the scanner has. What should happen to the model before it ships on that scanner?
A benefits agency has a year of ordinary claim records and no catalog of known fraud types. Investigators want each new claim scored higher when it sits far from that ordinary pattern. Which method produces that score?
A factory press emits a continuous vibration stream. Maintenance needs the timestamp when a bearing incident begins, the moment the stream breaks from its earlier behavior, not a portrait of the usual hum. Which method supplies that timestamp?
A streaming service can label past accounts as fraud or legitimate. Another team has only ordinary viewing logs, with no fraud labels, and wants to flag sessions that look unusual. Which statement separates those two jobs?
A utility monitors a turbine that hums in a steady repeat. The raw waveform looks nearly the same from hour to hour, and engineers need to see which cycle rates carry the energy. Which view makes that repeating structure easier to read?