A mayor's office disputes whether an emailed contract approval actually came from the city attorney. Which pair of concepts best addresses proving genuine origin and preventing credible denial of the act?
Select an answer to reveal the explanation.
Short Explanation
Authenticity asks 'was this really from the city attorney?' Nonrepudiation asks 'can that person later shrug and say it was not me?' Together they go beyond basic CIA when email approvals are in dispute. Encryption alone does not answer both questions.
Full Explanation
Authenticity establishes that a claimed origin or identity is genuine. Nonrepudiation provides assurance that a party cannot credibly deny having performed an action, typically supported by strong authentication, digital signatures, and reliable logging. When a contract approval's origin is contested, both concepts — not merely confidentiality or availability — are the pillars that frame the dispute beyond classic CIA.