Web logs for the municipal document portal show requests with sequences like ../ and paths resembling /etc/passwd under the application URL. Which application attack indicator is this?

Directory traversal (path traversal) manipulates URL or input paths to escape the intended directory and access sensitive files on the host. DDoS amplification, password spraying, and RFID cloning present different network, identity, and physical indicators and do not match traversal-style path patterns in application logs.