What is the advantage of Apache Iceberg's hidden partitioning compared to Hive-style partitioning?

Iceberg hidden partitioning decouples the physical partition layout from the query interface; partition values are derived from data columns (e.g. date(event_timestamp)) so queries on event_timestamp automatically benefit from partition pruning without any partition-specific syntax. The incorrect options ("Hidden partitioning stores partition columns in encrypted form to protect sensitive data", "Hidden partitioning compresses partition metadata into a single binary file to reduce catalog storage", "Hidden partitioning allows the same table to use different file formats per partition") are distractors that don't fully capture the concept described.