How does Apache Iceberg provide ACID transaction support on object storage?
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Short Explanation and Infographic
Iceberg implements ACID guarantees through optimistic concurrency control using a hierarchy of metadata files; manifest lists; and manifest files; making each commit an atomic pointer swap.
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Full Explanation
Iceberg implements ACID guarantees through optimistic concurrency control using a hierarchy of metadata files; manifest lists; and manifest files; making each commit an atomic pointer swap. The incorrect options ("By locking the entire S3 bucket during writes", "By using an external relational database for row-level locking", "By converting Parquet files to ORC before committing changes") are distractors that don't fully capture the concept described.