A permitting portal uses PostgreSQL, a message queue, and a Meraki Dashboard API endpoint. Which design treats those as 12-factor backing services?
Select an answer to reveal the explanation.
Short Explanation
Backing services are plug-in appliances—change the hose, not the engine. URLs and credentials attach the datastore, queue, and Meraki API; baking the production host into the binary treats them as source code.
Full Explanation
In 12-factor design, databases, queues, and external Cisco API endpoints are attached resources addressed by URL and credential. They should be swappable across environments without modifying application source. Hard-coding production hosts or embedding dependencies as if they were part of the binary violates the attached-resource model.